Biodiversitat de fongs d'Andorra

(CAT) L'objectiu principal del projecte "Biodiversitat de fongs a Andorra", iniciat el febrer de l'any 2000, era elaborar un inventari bàsic dels fongs presents a Andorra. Aquesta informació es forniria de les dades publicades en treballs anteriors, a més de les prospeccions micològiques per tot el territori andorrà, i abastaria el major nombre de grups taxonòmics. Fins ara, el coneixement que se'n tenia a casa nostra era força escàs. D'aquí neix l'interès per estudiar el component fúngic del territori. El catàleg elaborat representa una aportació i una actualització dels coneixements dins el món de la micologia que, de tota manera, cal continuar completant. Pel que fa al mostreig, podem dir que s'ha intentat abastar el major nombre de localitats pertanyents a cadascuna de les set parròquies. Les raons per les quals hem triat aquest model de mostreig han estat poder ampliar el ventall d'hàbitats diferents (boscos de coníferes, boscos de caducifolis, prats, matollars, camps de cultiu, jardins, camins, etc.), amb les implicacions que això comporta. D'altra banda, el fet de tenir coneixement i disposar de la informació de la composició en cada una de les parròquies ha de ser un element molt útil de gestió del medi ambient. (ENG) The main aim of the project "Biodiversity of Fungi in Andorra", started in February 2000, was to create a basic inventory of the fungi present in Andorra. This information was to be collected from data published from previous research as well as from the results of mycological exploration carried out throughout the Andorran territory in order to cover the majority of the taxonomic groups. The fact that up until then knowledge of the fungi existing in Andorran territory was scarce, initiated the interest in researching this area. The catalogue that has been created hopes to contribute to the updating and understanding of the world of mycology and will be continually added to. For the sampling range, an effort has been made to include the majority of areas in each of the seven Parishes. We have chosen this sampling model in order to enable us to cover the range of different habitats (coniferous and deciduous forests, meadows, thickets, cultivated fields, gardens, paths, etc), and the implications therein. Having an understanding of and access to information on the fungi composition in each Parish are also very useful tools for management of the environment. Certain fungi are closely linked to specific environments, which means that by diversifying the exploration for and the continual assessment of these, the probability of augmenting the number of species increases. The quantity of rainfall, humidity, the degree of protection from the wind, sunshine, human influence etc are all factors that create microclimates and undergo modifications over time. For this reason, these favourable or unfavourable factors directly affect the growth of fungi. The appearance of fungi being conditioned by the rainfall makes it necessary to know which areas have been rained on and the degree of humidity present. Exposure to sunrays and wind will make some areas less favourable than others due to their orientation, exposure, orography, etc. The human factor, partially controllable, unlike the previous factors, also has a strong influence on the fungi environment. The easy access to natural areas, due to the road infrastructures that have been built, increases the pressure on the environment and the consequences suffered are evident in the areas most frequented. It is also important to mention the effects of the mushroom pickers in our country, which, although they are not the determining factor, together with the others, contribute to the degradation of the environment. Some of the areas studied could be considered as very interesting from the biodiversity point of view due to the number of different species found. However, in general terms and due to the climatological conditions experienced during the research period, the growth of fungi has been very low.